A bearing in which a plain bearing operates under sliding friction. The sliding bearing works smoothly, reliably and without noise. Under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surface is separated by the lubricating oil without direct contact, and the friction loss and surface wear can be greatly reduced, and the oil film also has a certain vibration absorbing capability. However, the starting friction resistance is large. The part of the shaft that is supported by the bearing is called the journal, and the part that matches the journal is called the bearing. The layer of friction reducing material cast on its inner surface in order to improve the frictional properties of the surface of the bearing pad is referred to as a bearing lining. The material of the bearing bush and bearing bushing is collectively referred to as a plain bearing material. Commonly used sliding bearing materials are bearing alloys (also known as babbitt or white alloy), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood and carbon-graphite, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). ), modified polyoxymethylene (POM), and the like. Sliding bearing applications are generally used under low-speed and heavy-duty conditions, or where it is difficult to maintain and fill lubricants.
A precise mechanical component that converts the sliding friction between the running shaft and the shaft seat into rolling friction, thereby reducing friction loss, is called rolling bearing. Rolling bearings generally consist of an outer ring, an inner ring, a rolling element and a cage. The inner ring is matched with the shaft and rotates together with the shaft, and the outer ring acts to cooperate with the bearing seat to support the rolling element, and the rolling body is evenly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring by means of the cage. The shape size and quantity directly affect the service performance and life of the rolling bearing. The cage can evenly distribute the rolling elements, prevent the rolling elements from falling off, and guide the rolling elements to rotate to provide lubrication.
The rolling bearing is easy to use and maintain, reliable in operation, good in starting performance and high in carrying capacity at medium speed. Compared with the sliding bearing, the radial dimension of the rolling bearing is large, the damping capacity is poor, the life at low speed is low, and the sound is loud. The radial bearing (mainly subjected to radial forces) in a rolling bearing is usually composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling element and a rolling element cage 4 portion. The inner ring is tightly fitted over the journal and rotates with the shaft, and the outer ring is mounted in the bearing housing bore. A raceway is formed on the outer circumference of the inner ring and the inner circumference of the outer ring. When the inner and outer rings are relatively rotated, the rolling elements roll on the raceways of the inner and outer rings, which are separated by the cage to avoid mutual friction. The thrust bearing is divided into two parts: a tight ring and a live ring. The tight ring and the sleeve are tight, and the ring is supported on the bearing housing. The ferrule and the rolling element are usually made of rolling bearing steel with high strength and good wear resistance. The surface hardness after quenching should reach HRC60-65. The cage is made of soft steel stamping, and can also be made of copper alloy cloth bakelite or plastic.
The difference between the rolling bearing and the sliding bearing is firstly expressed in the structure. The rolling bearing supports the rotating shaft by the rotation of the rolling element, so the contact part is a point. The more rolling elements, the more the contact points are. The sliding bearing is smooth. To support the rotating shaft, so the contact portion is a face. Secondly, the movement mode is different. The movement mode of the rolling bearing is rolling; the sliding bearing movement mode is sliding, so the friction situation is completely different.
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