Bearings
are important components in mechanical equipment. To ensure the best
performance of the bearings, reliable work, proper installation and
operation, and reasonable maintenance are very important. What methods to extend the bearing life.
First, increase bearing life through lubrication
Choose the right lubrication system and high quality lubricant. Lubricating
oil films will separate from the surfaces of the oil films that are in
contact with each other and provide the necessary protection against
corrosion and wear. Therefore, for all rotating or reciprocating parts,
especially bearings and gears, the oil film must not be used for normal
operation. lack. For splash lubrication or recirculating lubrication systems, the oil film also transfers heat.
The factory often suffers from unnecessary downtime and equipment deterioration due to improper lubrication. Insufficient oil supply can lead to increased wear and temperature, excessive wear and/or early bearing failure and damage. Excessive
lubrication, especially at high speeds, will cause excessive heat due
to oil agitation, chemical degradation of the lubricant, and bearing
damage. Correct lubrication and regular maintenance can avoid bearing damage caused by lubrication problems. Ensure
that a reasonable lubrication should be done: 1) Follow the guidelines
set by the equipment manufacturer for each device; 2) When adding
grease, fill it between the bearing rolling elements and the housing (or
retainer) to Ensuring
adequate grease entry and adequate lubrication of critical raceway
surfaces; 3) Pay attention to when the bearing should be fattened; 4)
Monitor the instrument's indicating instrument to detect early signs of
problems such as temperature fluctuations and/or abnormally high
temperatures; 5) Pay attention to noise or abnormal vibration of the equipment; 6)
Observe the leakage of the lubricant; 7) Sample the lubricant regularly
and check for contamination.
Second, the bearing installation adjustment
When
assembling or installing, if the internal clearance of the bearing is
too large or too small, or in some cases, the preload is too high, it
may lead to early damage and shortened bearing life. In
addition to causing downtime and costly repairs, bearing assembly and
improper installation may also have more negative effects, such as
affecting the operation of other parts and shortening their service
life. According
to the equipment manufacturer's instruction manual, assembly,
installation and regular maintenance are the best ways to prevent
problems. If the
time is very tight, you can push the adjusting device forward or remove
the gasket to correct the loose tapered roller bearing set. On the other hand, if the bearings are adjusted too tightly, it may cause overheating damage and the bearing must be replaced. The
process of assembling and installing the bearing must be accurate and
repeatable, and it can be verified after the installation is completed. In addition, other part parameters must also be considered to optimize system performance. In
addition, the use of equipment in accordance with the requirements of
the OEM, set a suitable predictive maintenance items such as oil or
grease monitoring, which should include root cause analysis. In this way, even the equipment in question can have a much longer uptime. Proper
lubrication and maintenance are critical, proper installation and use
are indispensable, and full use of existing state monitoring equipment
to escort. Failure to
follow installation and maintenance requirements will result in
equipment failure and constitute a major safety hazard. After
the bearing is installed, it is necessary to check whether the bearing
is installed correctly or not, which has a direct impact on its life and
host accuracy. If improperly installed, bearings not only have vibration, noise, low
precision, large temperature increase, but also the risk of being stuck
and burned; on the contrary, if installed well, not only can guarantee
the accuracy, life will be greatly extended.
Third, the bearing after installation inspection
After the bearing is installed, it must be inspected.
1, check the installation location
After the bearing is installed, first check whether the running part
and the fixed part collide with each other, whether the lubricating oil
can flow into the bearing smoothly, and whether the sealing device and
the axial fastening device are installed correctly.
2, check the radial clearance
In addition to installing bearings with preloaded bearings, radial clearance should be checked. Deep groove ball bearings can be tested by hand rotation, with a smooth and flexible, no vibration, no swing around as well. Cylindrical
roller and self-aligning roller bearings can be tested with a feeler
gauge. The feeler gauge is inserted between the roller and the bearing
ring. The depth of insertion of the feeler gauge should be greater than
1/2 of the length of the roller. When
the radial clearance of the bearing cannot be measured with a feeler
gauge, the axial displacement of the bearing can be measured instead of
the reduction of the radial clearance. In
general, if the inner ring of the bearing is a conical hole, the amount
of axial movement on the conical surface is approximately 15 times the
amount of radial clearance reduction. The
radial clearance of the bearing can be adjusted after some installation
failures, such as angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller
bearings; some of them have been adjusted according to the standard
requirements during manufacture, and they cannot be adjusted after
installation. Such as deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings. If
this type of bearing is installed and tested, if it fails, the radial
assembly clearance is too small, which means that the bearing is not
properly mated or the assembly site is not machined correctly. In this case, the bearing must be removed, the cause must be identified, and then removed and reinstalled. Of course, too large bearing clearance is not OK.
3, check the bearing and shaft shoulder tightness
Under normal circumstances, bearings fitted with tight fits must be tight against shoulders. Inspection methods: (1) Light method. Just point the lamp at the bearing and shaft shoulder to see if the light leaks. If
it does not leak light, it means that the installation is correct; if
the light leaks evenly around the shoulder, it means that the bearing is
not close to the shaft shoulder, and the bearing should be pressed to
make it tight; if there is some light leakage, it means that the bearing
installation is inclined, and you can use hand hammer and copper rod Or sleeve hit the inner ring of the bearing, slowly and safely. (2) Thick gauge inspection method. The gauge thickness should start at 0.03mm. During
the test, try inserting several positions on the entire circumference
of the bearing inner ring end face and the shoulder. If there is
clearance and evenness, it means that the bearing is not installed in
place, and the bearing inner ring should be pressed against the shaft
shoulder; The
pressure is also not tight, indicating that the rounded corners of the
rounded corners are too large, the bearing is stuck, and the journal
rounding should be trimmed to make it smaller; if it is found that the
bearing inner ring end face and the bearing shoulder individual parts
thickness gauge can Passed, indicating that it must be dismantled at this time, be repaired, and re-installed. If the bearing is installed in the bearing seat hole with interference
fit and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed by the housing hole
shoulder, whether the outer ring end face is close to the shoulder face
of the housing hole, whether the installation is correct or not, it can
also be checked with a thick gauge.
4, after the installation of thrust bearing inspection
When installing a thrust bearing, check the verticality of the shaft ring and shaft centerline. The
method is to fix the dial gauge on the end face of the shell, so that
the contacts of the watch rotate on the bearing on the raceway of the
bearing shaft ring, and observe the pointer of the dial gauge. If the
pointer yaw, it means that the shaft ring and the center line of the
shaft are not perpendicular. When the shell hole is deep, it can also be tested with an extended meter head. When
the thrust bearing is installed correctly, its seat ring can
automatically adapt to the rolling body's rolling to ensure that the
rolling body is located in the upper and lower ring raceways. If installed backwards, not only the bearing does not work properly, but each mating surface will be severely worn. Since
the difference between the shaft ring and the seat ring is not obvious,
care should be taken in the assembly to avoid mistakes. In
addition, a gap of 0.2-0.5mm should be left between the seat ring of
the thrust bearing and the bearing seat hole to compensate for errors
caused by inaccurate machining and installation of the parts. When the
center of the bearing ring is offset during operation, the clearance is It ensures that it adjusts automatically, avoids touching friction and allows it to operate normally. Otherwise, it will cause severe damage to the bearing.
5, check the bearing noise, temperature rise, vibration meets the requirements
General
bearing operating temperature should be less than 90 °C, the
temperature is too high, it will lead to bearing heat annealing or
burning, reducing service life.
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